39例食管梭形细胞鳞癌的临床特征及预后分析

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目的 食管梭形细胞鳞癌(ESCSCC)占所有食管恶性肿瘤的不到1%,其发病率显著低于食管鳞癌(ESCC),但生存率要高得多。本研究旨在探讨食管梭形细胞鳞癌患者的临床特征和预后。方法 回顾分析2016-2020年我院收治的39例食管梭形细胞鳞癌患者资料,系统分析其临床特征、治疗模式、无进展生存期(PFS)、总生存期(OS)及失败模式。使用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析,根据Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线,P<0.05有统计学差异。结果 ESCSCC的中位发病年龄为66岁(34-85岁),侵犯深度仅为黏膜层(T1a)的早期患者6例,晚期转移性患者3例。ESCSCC的主要治疗方法是手术,31例患者选择手术治疗,其中11例患者接受了术后辅助化疗,非手术治疗患者8例。所有患者在接受了中位随访时间48个月后,其中位OS为36.0月(95%CI:18.0-56.0月),中位PFS为28.0月(95%CI:8.0-56.0月)。1年、2年、5年OS率为90.8%、80.3%、68.4%,1年、2年、5年PFS率为85.2%、81.5%、65.7%,其中1例患者在随访过程中死于心脑血管疾病。一共有5例患者接受了食管或淋巴引流区的放疗,但是其OS并没有得到显著的改善(平均OS, 40.5月vs. 28.0月; P > 0.05)。与非手术患者相比,手术患者的OS显著改善(平均OS: 44.5月vs 17.1月;P< 0.05)。然而,在手术基础上加用辅助化疗并没有统计学上显著的OS改善(平均OS: 48.3月vs 37.6月;P>0.05)。治疗失败的中位时间为18月(3-49.0月),有6例患者出现淋巴结转移,最常见的部位是锁骨上淋巴结。有6例患者出现远处器官转移,最常见的部位是肺。这些转移病例的预后很差,转移后接受治疗的患者中位生存时间仅为3个月(95%CI:1-32月)。结论 ESCSCC是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤,锁骨上淋巴结和肺是最常见的转移部位,手术切除是ESCSCC的首选和主要治疗方法。然而,术后化疗的作用尚不清楚。

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